Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry you can rotate and run: 3D models of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and benzene, structural isomers and boiling points, SN1 and SN2 mechanisms step by step, alcohol reactions, esterification, and separation by distillation and TLC.

25 interactive Chemistry simulations on organic chemistry.

Alcohol classification and the reactions of alcohols and phenol Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Choose ethanol (primary), propan-2-ol (secondary), 2-methylpropan-2-ol (tertiary) or phenol: the simulation draws... Ages 16–17
Amine tests, diazonium salts and azo dyes – Hinsberg, carbylamine and coupling Chemistry · Organic Chemistry A virtual test bench for amines. Separate primary, secondary and tertiary amines with the Hinsberg test and find... Ages 17–18
Benzene – Delocalisation and Electrophilic Substitution Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Compare the Kekulé model of benzene with a delocalised π system using enthalpies of hydrogenation (predicted −360,... Ages 16–17
Fractional distillation of crude oil Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Crude oil is heated and fed into a fractionating tower: short-chain hydrocarbons with low boiling points rise to the... Ages 16–17
Curly-arrow mechanisms – nucleophilic addition and addition–elimination Chemistry · Organic Chemistry A 2D curly-arrow builder: drag arrows from lone pairs and bonds to atoms, and the tool works out the new bonds,... Ages 17–18
SN1 and SN2 Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanisms Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes can follow two pathways: the one-step SN2, where the nucleophile attacks... Ages 17–18
Cracking and Alkenes – Virtual Lab, Equations and Addition Reactions Chemistry · Organic Chemistry A virtual lab for cracking liquid paraffin: heat the porous pot or aluminium oxide catalyst, flick the flame to... Ages 16–17
Preparing Banana Oil (Isoamyl Acetate) – Rate, Catalyst and Yield Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Heat acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol to prepare banana oil, tracking how much ester forms minute by minute. Toggle... Ages 16–17
2D + 3D Structural isomers of alkanes C₄–C₇ and boiling points Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Choose the molecular formula C₄H₁₀, C₅H₁₂, C₆H₁₄ or C₇H₁₆ to see all of its structural isomers (2, 3, 5 and 9... Ages 16–17
3D 3D Stereoisomerism – Cis–Trans (E/Z) and Optical Isomers Chemistry · Organic Chemistry 3D models of but-2-ene, 1,2-dichloroethene, but-1-ene and 1,2-dichloroethane: drag a slider to twist one end about... Ages 16–17
Hydrocarbons – Alkane Properties and Combustion Bench Chemistry · Organic Chemistry A virtual bench for hydrocarbons: compare the boiling point, viscosity and flammability of alkanes as the chain gets... Ages 14–15
Reversible Esterification and the Silver Mirror Test Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Esterification mode: a carboxylic acid and an alcohol meet in a test tube with concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst; ester... Ages 16–17
IUPAC naming of organic compounds – parent chain, numbering, prefixes and suffixes Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Name branched and functionalised open-chain molecules step by step from their skeletal formulas: find the principal... Ages 16–17
Electronic Effects – Inductive, Mesomeric, Hyperconjugation and Reactive Intermediates Chemistry · Organic Chemistry 2D explorer: attach –CH₃, –Cl, –NO₂, –OH or –OCH₃ to a saturated chain, a C=C chain or a benzene ring and see the... Ages 17–18
3D 3D Hydrocarbon Models – Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Benzene, and Br₂ Addition Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Ball-and-stick (or space-filling) models of methane, ethane, propane, butane, 2-methylpropane, ethylene, propene,... Ages 16–17
3D 3D Functional Groups – Identify Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Rotatable ball-and-stick models of 20 molecules from 10 classes of organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes,... Ages 16–17
Lassaigne's test – detecting nitrogen, sulfur and halogens in organic compounds Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Virtual lab for the sodium fusion (Lassaigne's) test. Fuse an organic compound with sodium in an ignition tube,... Ages 16–17
NMR Spectroscopy – ¹H and ¹³C Spectra, Integration and n + 1 Splitting Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Choose one of 23 small organic molecules and see its schematic ¹H NMR spectrum (chemical shift relative to TMS,... Ages 16–17
Infrared Spectroscopy – Functional Groups, Bond Vibrations and Greenhouse Gases Chemistry · Organic Chemistry View schematic IR spectra from 4000 to 500 cm⁻¹ for ten organic compounds, move a cursor to read the bands and... Ages 16–17
Organic Synthesis Route Planner – Reagents, Conditions, Yield and Atom Economy Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Starting from one compound, choose reagents and conditions (reflux or distil, catalyst, concentrated or dilute) to... Ages 16–17
Organic compound separation – distillation, extraction, TLC and paper chromatography Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Five familiar techniques in a single simulation. Distillation: heat a liquid mixture and the thermometer holds... Ages 16–17
Separating a pain-relief tablet – acid–base extraction of aspirin, paracetamol and caffeine Chemistry · Organic Chemistry A step-by-step virtual lab: crush an over-the-counter pain-relief tablet, dissolve it in an organic solvent, filter... Ages 16–17
Free-Radical Substitution – Halogenation of Alkanes Chemistry · Organic Chemistry UV light splits Cl₂ or Br₂ into radicals, which react with methane or ethane in a chain: initiation, propagation and... Ages 17–18
Substitution vs elimination – SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 competition in haloalkanes Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Choose a primary, secondary or tertiary haloalkane, a reagent (strong nucleophile, strong base, bulky base or weak... Ages 16–17
Tests for organic functional groups – identify four unknowns Chemistry · Organic Chemistry Virtual lab with 13 test-tube tests for organic functional groups: bromine water and Baeyer's reagent (cold, dilute... Ages 16–17