Thermal Physics & Gases

13 interactive Physics simulations on thermal physics & gases.

Thermal equilibrium – dropping a hot object into water Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Object 1 (metal, water, or ice at 0 °C) with mass m₁ at temperature T₁ is dropped into water of mass m₂ at T₂ inside... Ages 17–18
Conduction and convection lab – metal rods, layered walls, convection currents Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Three virtual experiments on heat transfer. A: heat one end of a rod (copper, aluminium, brass, iron, steel or... Ages 17–18
Boyle's law – isothermal gas compression Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Pull or push a piston in a sealed cylinder at constant temperature. The measured pressure always satisfies p·V =... Ages 17–18
Charles's law – constant-pressure gas experiment Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases A column of air is trapped in a narrow glass tube by a mercury pellet, and the tube stands in a beaker of water that... Ages 17–18
Heat engines, heat pumps and Carnot efficiency Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases An ideal gas runs a Carnot, Otto or Diesel cycle between a hot reservoir at T_h and a cold reservoir at T_c on a p–V... Ages 17–18
Cooling curves – thermal insulation, Newton's law of cooling and freezing Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases A virtual practical that records temperature against time. A: a beaker of hot water wrapped in cotton wool, bubble... Ages 17–18
Entropy and microstates – counting Ω, S = k ln Ω and the direction of change Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Two Einstein solids A and B swap energy quanta at random: the simulation counts the microstates Ω of every... Ages 17–18
Ideal gas – pV = nRT in a cylinder Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Gas molecules move randomly inside a cylinder fitted with a piston. Drag the piston to change the volume, slide the... Ages 17–18
Specific heat capacity – heating different materials Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases The same heat source of power P heats two different materials. Since the heat transferred is Q = m·c·Δt, a material... Ages 17–18
Specific latent heat – measuring fusion and vaporization of water Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases An electric heater of power P heats m kg of ice from −10 °C until it has all melted, boiled and vaporized. A... Ages 17–18
Gas properties – pressure, temperature, volume and diffusion Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Pump light helium or heavy argon particles into a box and watch them collide elastically with each other and with... Ages 17–18
States of matter – solids, liquids, gases and phase changes Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Heat, cool, compress and add particles of neon, argon, oxygen or water to watch them rearrange between solid, liquid... Ages 17–18
States of matter basics – solids, liquids and gases Physics · Thermal Physics & Gases Heat or cool a substance to see its particles rearrange between solid, liquid and gas — every particle really moves... Ages 13–14