Gravitation & Astronomy

• Kepler's laws – building an orbit from position and velocity Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Four screens: First Law (drag the planet's position and velocity directly, the ellipse is recalculated instantly,... Ages 16–17
• Galaxy redshift and Hubble's law – measure H₀, the age of the Universe and the evidence for the Big Bang Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Measure the redshift z = Δλ/λ₀ of absorption lines in galaxy spectra, work out the recession speed v = cz and the... Ages 15–16
• Kepler's Laws – Elliptical Orbits, Equal Areas and T²/a³ Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy An elliptical orbit around the Sun with an adjustable semi-major axis a and eccentricity e. Coloured sectors swept... Ages 16–17
• 3D Newton's Cannon 3D – Falling Back, Orbiting or Escaping the Earth Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Fire a cannonball horizontally from the top of a very high mountain on a 3D Earth. Its motion is computed... Ages 16–17
• Gravitational force between two spheres Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Two spheres sit on an axis, each held back on a rope by a person standing outside so that it is not pulled towards... Ages 16–17
• Gravity and orbits Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Let the Sun, Earth, Moon or a satellite attract each other with real gravity (SI masses and distances,... Ages 16–17
• The Sun's energy – nuclear fusion, hydrostatic equilibrium and energy output Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Step through the proton–proton chain (or the CNO cycle) in the Sun's core with protons, neutrons, positrons,... Ages 17–18
• 2D + 3D Earth and the sky – solar altitude by latitude and season Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Earth's axis is tilted 23.5°, so the Sun's noon altitude and the length of day change with latitude and with the day... Ages 15–16
• 2D + 3D Gravitational field and satellite orbits Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Change the orbital radius of a satellite around Earth to see how the gravitational field strength g = GM/r², orbital... Ages 16–17
• Stellar life cycle and the H–R diagram – from nebula to white dwarf, neutron star or black hole Physics · Gravitation & Astronomy Choose a star's initial mass (0.1–40 M☉) and follow it across the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram: nebula, protostar,... Ages 17–18

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