Cell Biology

• ATP and energy coupling – ATP hydrolysis drives endergonic reactions, the ATP–ADP cycle Biology · Cell Biology Three screens on ATP as the cell's energy currency. ΔG bars show ATP hydrolysis (ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi, ΔG°′ ≈ −30.5... Ages 15–16
• Cell types gallery – specialised cells, unicellular organisms and atypical cells Biology · Cell Biology Seventeen schematic drawings: sperm, egg, motor neuron, skeletal muscle fibre, red blood cell, ciliated epithelial... Ages 15–16
• Levels of biological organization Biology · Cell Biology Zoom continuously from molecules up to the biosphere: molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,... Ages 15–16
• Carbohydrates and lipids – building molecules, bonds and functions Biology · Cell Biology Build molecules from α-glucose and β-glucose (the OH on carbon 1 below or above the ring): condensation forms 1,4... Ages 15–16
• 3D Protein Structure in 3D – from Amino Acids to Quaternary Structure Biology · Cell Biology A rotatable 3D model of proteins: amino acids (amine group, carboxyl group, R group) join by peptide bonds in... Ages 15–16
• Root-tip squash practical – stages of mitosis and mitotic index Biology · Cell Biology A virtual practical: hydrolyse onion root tips in hydrochloric acid, stain and squash them, then view the cells at... Ages 15–16
• Cell cycle and mitosis Biology · Cell Biology The cell cycle ring runs G1 → S → G2 → M with a phase hand, three checkpoints, and a DNA-content graph; alongside... Ages 15–16
• Cellular respiration pathway – glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and fermentation Biology · Cell Biology Step through glycolysis in the cytoplasm, the link reaction and Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, and... Ages 15–16
• Characteristics of Living Things – Living or Non-living and the Three Life Functions Biology · Cell Biology Test eight specimens – a bean seed, a virus, fire, a robot, yeast, a salt crystal, a mushroom and a dead leaf – for... Ages 11–12
• Enzyme activity vs. temperature, pH, substrate concentration and inhibitors Biology · Cell Biology The enzyme (with an active site) and substrate molecules move around and collide; when a substrate molecule fits the... Ages 15–16
• Meiosis and the origin of gamete variation Biology · Cell Biology Step through each phase of meiosis I and II in a cell with n pairs of homologous chromosomes. Toggle crossing over... Ages 15–16
• Tissues under the microscope – plant and animal histology slide box Biology · Cell Biology A box of 20 prepared slides and a virtual microscope: meristem, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem... Ages 11–12
• Surface Area to Volume Ratio – Agar Cube Diffusion Biology · Cell Biology Virtual lab: drop pink agar blocks (made with dilute sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein), cubes of side 0.5–3 cm... Ages 15–16
• Diffusion across membranes and osmosis in cells Biology · Cell Biology On the left, small molecules diffuse through membrane pores from high to low concentration until equilibrium, with... Ages 15–16
• Food tests – sugars, starch, protein and fats in unknown foods Biology · Cell Biology Run the classic food tests in a virtual lab: Benedict's reagent in a hot water bath for reducing sugars, iodine for... Ages 15–16
• Water and macromolecules – polarity and hydrogen bonding Biology · Cell Biology The water mode draws polar H₂O molecules with an oxygen end carrying a partial negative charge and two hydrogen ends... Ages 15–16
• Metabolism – following atoms through digestion, respiration and building Biology · Cell Biology Follow the atoms of a meal: starch, protein or fat is hydrolysed into monomers, some of the monomers are respired... Ages 15–16
• Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure Biology · Cell Biology Diagrams of an animal cell, a plant cell and a bacterium with organelles drawn in their correct positions. Students... Ages 15–16
• Microscopy lab – slides, calibration, cell size and electron microscopes Biology · Cell Biology A virtual practical: make temporary mounts (onion epidermis with iodine, cheek cells with methylene blue, Elodea... Ages 15–16
• Beetroot Membrane Permeability Practical – Temperature and Ethanol Biology · Cell Biology Cut beetroot discs, rinse them, soak them in water from 0 to 70 °C or in ethanol from 0 to 100 %, then read the... Ages 15–16
• Cell signalling – signalling modes and signal transduction pathways Biology · Cell Biology Compare direct contact, paracrine and endocrine signalling and quorum sensing in bacteria: drag a target cell nearer... Ages 15–16
• Membrane transport – diffusion, channels and pumps Biology · Cell Biology Add substances on either side of the cell membrane, then insert channel proteins, carriers and pumps to see how they... Ages 15–16
• Community How Neurons Send Signals: Action Potentials and Synapses Biology · Cell Biology A chain of three neurons passes electrical signals along axons and chemical signals across synapses. A live graph...
• Community Phosphorus cycle and fertiliser runoff Biology · Cell Biology A box-and-arrow model of the phosphorus cycle through rocks, soil, plants, animals, a lake, the ocean and sediments....

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