Ecology & Environment

• Sealed Jar Mesocosm – Ecosystem Stability Lab Biology · Ecology & Environment Set up a sealed jar with water, plants, snails and pond mud, choose the hours of light and the added nitrate, and... Ages 17–18
• Nitrogen cycle – fixation, nitrification, denitrification and eutrophication Biology · Ecology & Environment A box model of the nitrogen cycle in the soil of a grazed meadow: N₂ fixation by Rhizobium in legume root nodules,... Ages 17–18
• Biology in action – molecular biology, biological control, and human ecology Biology · Ecology & Environment Three biology topics in one simulation, selected with the topic parameter. Molecular biology: run a PCR reaction... Ages 17–18
• Sustainable fishing – maximum sustainable yield and the tragedy of the commons Biology · Ecology & Environment A fish stock with logistic growth is shared by several fishers. Choose your number of boats, the management regime... Ages 17–18
• Ecological succession – primary, secondary and the plagioclimax Biology · Ecology & Environment Fast-forward hundreds of years on bare rock, ground left by a retreating glacier, a coastal sand dune, an abandoned... Ages 17–18
• Wallace's Line – Biodiversity of Indonesia Biology · Ecology & Environment A map of Indonesia with Wallace's, Weber's and Lydekker's lines. Sort 16 real species (orangutan, Rafflesia, anoa,... Ages 17–18
• Tolerance curves – abiotic factors, limiting factors and zonation Biology · Ecology & Environment Move sliders for temperature, light, soil water (or salinity) and pH to see that every species has its own range of... Ages 17–18
• Biological pest control – natural enemies versus chemical pesticides Biology · Ecology & Environment Simulate one rice-growing season with a brown planthopper population and its natural enemies (mirid bugs, spiders).... Ages 17–18
• Ecosystems of Ecuador – A Transect from the Galápagos to the Amazon Biology · Ecology & Environment Move along a transect across Ecuador, from the Galápagos and the Pacific coast over the Andes to the Amazon, and... Ages 17–18
• Energy budget lab: from plant to caterpillar Biology · Ecology & Environment A virtual lab after AP Biology Investigation 10: weigh brussels sprouts and cabbage white caterpillars before and... Ages 17–18
• Decay – lipase and milk practical, compost heap and biogas digester Biology · Ecology & Environment Three screens on decomposers. Lipase practical: milk, sodium carbonate solution and phenolphthalein are pink; add... Ages 15–16
• Eutrophication and water pollution – lake, catchment and indicator species Biology · Ecology & Environment A lake and its catchment: add fertiliser runoff from farmland, sewage from a town, copper from a mine or acid rain,... Ages 17–18
• Species interactions – competition, predation, parasitism and mutualism (Lotka–Volterra) Biology · Ecology & Environment Two species with six switchable interactions: Lotka–Volterra competition dN₁/dt = r₁N₁(K₁ − N₁ − α₁₂N₂)/K₁,... Ages 17–18
• Biodiversity conservation planner – reserves, wildlife corridors and invasive species Biology · Ecology & Environment A landscape of forest patches and farmland with 11 species. On a limited budget, place nature reserves, plant... Ages 17–18
• Group living and optimal foraging – costs and benefits of behaviour Biology · Ecology & Environment An agent model of a fish school, a bird flock and a zebra herd under attack: set the group size and cohesion, then... Ages 17–18
• Food chains, energy pyramids and the carbon cycle Biology · Ecology & Environment Solar energy fixed by producers is passed along a food chain through successive trophic levels; at each level most... Ages 17–18
• Adaptations explorer – deserts, polar regions, water and extremophiles Biology · Ecology & Environment Pick a habitat (hot desert, polar ice, rainforest, lake, sea, deep sea, hot spring, salt lake) and an organism, tick... Ages 17–18
• Bioaccumulation and biomagnification – DDT, mercury and microplastics in a food chain Biology · Ecology & Environment An aquatic food chain from plankton through small fish and large fish to a fish-eating bird takes up a persistent... Ages 17–18
• Predator–prey dynamics – rabbits and foxes Biology · Ecology & Environment The rabbit population grows logistically, dN/dt = rN(1 − N/K), heading toward the environment's carrying capacity K;... Ages 17–18

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